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href=\"https:\/\/iwonder.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/hi\/%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%9f%e0%a5%88%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%ae-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%a6-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d\/#reference-section\">1<\/a><\/sup> \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u0932\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u0948\u0964 (<strong>\u092c\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938-1<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902)\u0964 \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0915 \u0907\u0938 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0936\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 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\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u0932\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u094b <a href=\"http:\/\/www.stellarium\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">www.stellarium.org<\/a> \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0903\u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0921\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0932\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0928 (\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0916\u093c) \u0915\u0947, \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093f\u0923\u094d\u0921\u094b\u0902 (\u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u092e\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093f\u0923\u094d\u0921 \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0949\u092b\u093c\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u093f\u0923\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u095c\u093e \u092f\u093e \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u0939 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0947\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0905\u0924\u0940\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0925\u093e \u092f\u093e \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0916\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0916\u0947\u0917\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0947\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0923\u094d\u200d\u0921\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e-\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 (boundaries) \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092b\u093c\u0940\u091a\u0930 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0942 \u092f\u093e \u092c\u0928\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u0949\u092b\u093c\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0928 \u092b\u093c\u0940\u091a\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0922\u0942\u0901\u0922\u093c\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e\u092b\u093c\u0940 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092f\u0942\u091c\u093c\u0930\u2019\u0938 \u0917\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0942\u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930, \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 (NCERT, 2024-2025) \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f-10 (\u092c\u094b\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0907\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0924\u0947\u0902) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0935\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 : \u201c<em>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u0948? \u0906\u092a \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u091c \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u092b\u093c \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u092b\u093c \u0921\u0942\u092c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u094b \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0916\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e-\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e-\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u0905\u092c \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u094b \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e-\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/em>\u201d<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/iwonder.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/hi\/%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%9f%e0%a5%88%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%ae-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%a6-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d\/#reference-section\">2<\/a><\/sup> \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0942\u092c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0942\u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u092d\u0930 \u090f\u0915-\u0938\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902? \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0939\u092e \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u094b \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092b\u093c\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093c \u0928\u095b\u0930 \u0906\u090f\u0917\u093e? \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u0932\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0901\u091a-\u092a\u095c\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0939\u093f\u090f (<strong>\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0936\u0940\u091f-I<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902)\u0964<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0907\u0938 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u0925 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 :<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>21 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0915\u094b (\u00b1 1 \u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940 1 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947) : \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>22 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a-20 \u091c\u0942\u0928 \u0924\u0915 : \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u092b\u093c \u0916\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u091c\u0942\u0928 21 \u0915\u094b (\u00b1 1 \u0926\u093f\u0928) : \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>21 \u091c\u0942\u0928 \u0938\u0947 21 \u0938\u093f\u0924\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 \u0924\u0915 : \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u092b\u093c \u0916\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>22 \u0938\u093f\u0924\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u094b (\u00b1 1 \u0926\u093f\u0928) : \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>23 \u0938\u093f\u0924\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 \u0938\u0947 21 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 \u0924\u0915 : \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u092b\u093c \u0916\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>22 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u094b (\u00b1 1 \u0926\u093f\u0928) : \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>23 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 \u0938\u0947 20 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a : \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0926\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u092b\u093c \u0916\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0907\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0930\u094d\u0926-\u0917\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 :<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list list-type-alpha start-a\">\n<li>\u0938\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924\u093f\u091c \u092a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0909\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u092a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0921\u0942\u092c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0928 \u0924\u094b \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0928 \u0939\u0940 \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0942\u092c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0926\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0942\u092c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0926\u094b \u0926\u093f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u0941\u0935 (Vernal Equinox) \u092f\u093e \u2018\u0935\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0924\u2019 [21 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091a (\u00b1 1 \u0926\u093f\u0928) \u0915\u094b] \u0914\u0930 \u2018\u0936\u0930\u0926 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u0941\u0935\u2019 (Autumnal Equinox) \u092f\u093e \u2018\u0936\u0930\u0926 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0924\u2019 [22 \u0938\u093f\u0924\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 (\u00b1 1 \u0926\u093f\u0928) \u0915\u094b ] \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930, \u2018\u0935\u093f\u0937\u0941\u0935\u2019 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924\u0932\u092c \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2018\u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e\u2019\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0926\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0948\u0932\u0947\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 (\u092a\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0902\u0917) \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u094b \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0901\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u091c\u0942\u0928 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u0939 \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093f, \u091c\u092c \u0938\u0942\u0930\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0917\u0928\u0947 (\u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0942\u092c\u0928\u0947) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0916\u093f\u0938\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u2018<em>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0923<\/em>\u2019 (\u2018<em>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e<\/em>\u2019: \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u2018<em>\u092f\u0928<\/em>\u2019: \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e) \u092f\u093e \u2018\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930\u2019 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u091c\u0942\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u091b\u0939 \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f, \u091c\u092c \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0917\u0928\u0947 (\u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0942\u092c\u0928\u0947) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0916\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u2018<em>\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092f\u0928<\/em>\u2019 \u092f\u093e \u2018<em>\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930<\/em>\u2019 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0947\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0928\u094d\u200d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 :<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list list-type-alpha start-a\">\n<li>\u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0926\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f \u0924\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0906\u090f\u0917\u093e? \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u0932\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u2018\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0902\u0921\u094b\u2019 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u0940 (\u090f\u0915-\u0926\u094b) \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0928 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0926\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u092d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0942\u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915-\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0917\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0942\u092c\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902? \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u0932\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u0948\u0928\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u092c\u095d\u093e\u0915\u0930 (\u092b\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f-\u092b\u0949\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0930) \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0930\u094d\u0926-\u0917\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0921\u093e\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0917\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0942\u092c\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u095b\u0930 \u0906\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0927\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 (<strong>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930-1<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902)\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924\u0932\u092c \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0918\u095c\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0908 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 (\u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948) \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0928\u095b\u0930 \u0906\u090f\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwonder.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Exploring-the-sun-fig-1-hin-1.png\" alt=\"Exploring the sun fig 1\" class=\"wp-image-1121\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930-1 : \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0918\u0942\u092e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong> \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u091c\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u0915\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u092e \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0928\u091c\u093c\u0930 \u0906\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 Credits: Adapted from an image from Earth &amp; Space Science\u2014Big Kid Science. URL: <a href=\"https:\/\/grade8science.com\/1-3-1-how-is-earth-moving-in-our-solar-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/grade8science.com\/1-3-1-how-is-earth-movingin-our-solar-system\/.<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u092e\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0908<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u092c \u0909\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u092c \u0921\u0942\u092c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u092e\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, NCERT (2024-2025) \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-7 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f-9 (\u0917\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u092f) \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f : \u201c<em>\u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924-\u0938\u0940 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 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(\u0928\u0935\u091a\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930) \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0917\u0932\u0940 \u0905\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0909\u0938 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0939\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940, \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/em>\u201d<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/iwonder.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/hi\/%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%9f%e0%a5%88%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%ae-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%a6-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d\/#reference-section\">3<\/a><\/sup> \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u092e\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0930\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948? \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u0935\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0926\u093f\u0928 (\u092f\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0924) \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u092e\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u090f\u0915-\u0938\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0925\u0940? \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948? \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u0932\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u095c\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0939\u0947\u0902 (<strong>\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0936\u0940\u091f-II<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902)\u0964<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0907\u0938 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 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\u0935\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u0941\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0930\u0926 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u0941\u0935)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u092e\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0942\u0928 (\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092c\u095d\u0924\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0932\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0942\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 (\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0918\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u092e\u094d\u092c\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 21 \u091c\u0942\u0928 (\u00b1 1 \u0926\u093f\u0928) \u0915\u094b \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 [\u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u2018\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0905\u092f\u0928\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924 (Summer Solstice)] \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964) \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0930\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u092e\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0906\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0942\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092c\u095d\u0924\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0924 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 22 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 (\u00b1 1 \u0926\u093f\u0928) \u0915\u094b \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 [\u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u2018\u0936\u0940\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0905\u092f\u0928\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u2019 (Winter Solstice)] \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948)\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u092e\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0918\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0942\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092c\u095d\u0924\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u092e\u094d\u092c\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0928 (\u092f\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0905\u092f\u0928\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924) \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 22 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 (\u00b1 1 \u0926\u093f\u0928) \u0915\u094b \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0930\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0906\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092c\u095d \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0942\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0918\u091f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0924 (\u092f\u093e \u0936\u0940\u0924\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u0905\u092f\u0928\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924) \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 21 \u091c\u0942\u0928 (\u00b1 1 \u0926\u093f\u0928) \u0915\u094b \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u090b\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0926\u093f\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u092c \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u0942\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u092c <em>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0923<\/em> \u0916\u093c\u0924\u094d\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0917\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0923\u0940 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u092d\u094c\u0917\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930, \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u093f\u0928 [\u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0926\u093f\u0928 (Polar Day) \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948] \u091b\u0939 \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091b\u0939 \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0915 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u094c\u0936\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0930\u093e\u0924 [\u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0930\u093e\u0924 (Polar Night)] \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c \u091b\u0939 \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0915 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u092e\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0927\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 360\u00b0 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u092c \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u0947\u0917\u093e? \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093f\u0923\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u093f\u0923\u094d\u0921 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092f\u093e \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0927\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0907\u0938 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924\u0940 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941 (\u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093f\u0923\u094d\u0921) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094c\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e-6 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0941\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915 (NCERT, 2024-25) \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f-12 (\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u0947) \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f : \u201c<em>\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 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href=\"https:\/\/iwonder.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/hi\/%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%9f%e0%a5%88%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%ae-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%a6-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d\/#reference-section\">1<\/a><\/sup> \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0926\u0948\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 24 \u0918\u0923\u094d\u091f\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 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\u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902)\u0964<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0907\u0938 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u093f :<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 24 \u0918\u0923\u094d\u091f\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u094b \u2018\u0938\u094c\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0935\u0938\u2019 (Solar Day) \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u094b\u095b\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0942\u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u095c\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0907\u0938\u0940\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u092e \u091c\u093f\u0928 \u092d\u0940 \u0918\u095c\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 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\u2018\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u2019) \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091a\u0942\u0901\u0915\u093f \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093f\u0923\u094d\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0941\u091a\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0930\u093e\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u091c\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u0938\u0930 \u0928\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0915\u093e\u0932 (sidereal time) \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930 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\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u091c\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0935\u0938 \u0928\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u094d\u0930-\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u095b\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0932\u092e\u094d\u092c\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group box-1\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u092c\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938-2 : \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u0932\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0936 (altitude) \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924\u093f\u091c \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u093f\u0923\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0939\u0948 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092a \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0915\u0939\u0932\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924\u093f\u091c \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0917 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0936 0\u00b0 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924\u093f\u091c \u092a\u0930 \u0921\u0942\u092c \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092d\u0940 0\u00b0 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u090a\u092a\u0930 (\u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u2018\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u092e \u092c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941 \u092f\u093e \u091c\u0947\u0928\u093f\u0925 \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0902\u091f\u2019 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948) \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u093e 90\u00b0 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u094b \u0924\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u092e \u092c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0936 90\u00b0 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (<strong>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930-2<\/strong> \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902)\u0964 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0918\u0923\u094d\u091f\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0920 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0901\u091f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f \u0938\u093e\u0920 \u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0901\u091f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0921\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 1 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f \u090f\u0915 \u0921\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e 1\/60\u0935\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f \u0915\u093e 1\/60\u0935\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0936\u092e\u0932\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, 45.5\u00b0 \u0915\u094b 45 \u0921\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 30 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f (\u092f\u093e 45\u00b030\u2019) \u092d\u0940 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, 60.73\u00b0 \u0915\u094b 60 \u0921\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 43 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f 48 \u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921 (\u092f\u093e 60\u00b043\u201948\u2019\u2019) \u092d\u0940 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"592\" height=\"520\" src=\"https:\/\/iwonder.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Exploring-the-sun-fig-2.png\" alt=\"Exploring the sun fig 2\" class=\"wp-image-1123\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwonder.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Exploring-the-sun-fig-2.png 592w, https:\/\/iwonder.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Exploring-the-sun-fig-2-300x264.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 592px) 100vw, 592px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 2. \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093f\u0923\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/strong> Credits: Anand Narayanan. \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0938\u0947\u0902\u0938: <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CC BY-NC 4.0<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group box-1\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u092c\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938-3 : \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u200d\u092c\u0928\u094d\u200d\u0927 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u092f\u0947 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0936\u093e\u0932\u0947\u092f \u0936\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e (\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940\u090f\u092b\u093c-\u090f\u0938\u0908) 2023 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list list-type-alpha start-a is-uppercase\">\n<li class=\"list-type-alpha start-a is-uppercase\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u200d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 :<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list nested-list\">\n<li><strong>CG-1 :<\/strong> [\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940] \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915-\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u095c\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091c\u0941\u095c\u0947\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092f\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 : (i) C-1.1 : \u201c<em>\u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 (\u2026 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u091c \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u093e\u0901\u0926, \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u2026) \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/em>\u201d, \u0914\u0930 (ii) C-1.3 : \u201c<em>\u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u094b\u0902\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928\u094d\u0938 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u094c\u0938\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u2026\u091a\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u2026) \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0935\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u200d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/em>\u2019\u2019<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/iwonder.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/hi\/%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%9f%e0%a5%88%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%ae-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%a6-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d\/#reference-section\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list list-type-alpha start-b is-uppercase\">\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093f\u0921\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u200d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 :<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list nested-list\">\n<li><strong>CG-2 :<\/strong> [\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940] \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u095c\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u095b\u0930\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930, \u092f\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 : C-2.5 : \u201c<em>\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u092c\u0940\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902\/\u0924\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093f\u0923\u094d\u0921\u094b\u0902 (\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902&#8230; ) \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0924\u0932\u093e\u0936\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u0948\u0932\u0947\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964 (\u2026\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928)\u0964<\/em>\u201d<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/iwonder.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/hi\/%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%9f%e0%a5%88%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%ae-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%a6-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d\/#reference-section\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CG-6 :<\/strong> [\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940] \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0916\u093c\u093e\u0938\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 : C-6.2 : \u201c<em>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u091c\u0939\u094b\u0902, \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0935\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 (\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928, \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u095b\u0930\u093f\u090f) \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u090f\u0915\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u2026\u0964<\/em>\u201d<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/iwonder.azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in\/hi\/%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%9f%e0%a5%88%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%ae-%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%a6-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%87-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d\/#reference-section\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u091a\u0932\u0924\u0947-\u091a\u0932\u0924\u0947<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u0932\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0948\u0920\u0947-\u092c\u0948\u0920\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0948 (<strong>\u092c\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938-3 <\/strong>\u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902)\u0964<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0907\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0916 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0909\u0928 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u092d\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0948\u0932\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u092c \u0906\u092a \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0940 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0949\u092b\u093c\u094d\u091f\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u092b\u093c\u0940\u091a\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u095b\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947 \u0924\u094b \u0906\u092a \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0917\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u095c\u0924\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0916\u093c\u0941\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093f\u0923\u094d\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u092f\u093e (apparent) \u0917\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0928\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e, \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0916\u094b\u091c\u0928\u0947\/\u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0947\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u200d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 (EVS) \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0921\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u200d\u091f\u0947\u091c \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0920\u094d\u092f\u091a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b 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